What phenomenon do independent pole circuit breakers allow when a fault occurs?

Independent pole circuit breakers are designed to operate in a way that allows them to trip and close independently for each phase of a circuit. When a fault occurs in one phase, the breaker connected to that phase can trip to interrupt the flow of electricity, thus protecting the system from overloads or short circuits. Simultaneously, the breakers for the other phases can remain closed if they are not affected by the fault, which maintains continuity of service for those unaffected phases.

This independence of operation is crucial in three-phase systems as it helps to isolate faults without unnecessarily disrupting the entire system. Additionally, in certain scenarios, once the fault is cleared, these breakers can also allow for automatic closing back into the circuit, thus enabling a quick restoration of service. This dual capability of tripping for protection and closing for restoration distinguishes independent pole circuit breakers, making them an essential component in modern electrical systems.