What does the term "core loss" refer to in transformers?

The term "core loss" in transformers specifically refers to the losses that occur in the core material itself, primarily due to the alternating magnetic field. This encompasses two main types of losses: hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Hysteresis loss is a result of the magnetic materials' resistance to changes in magnetization, which generates heat. Eddy current loss arises from circulating currents induced within the core material itself as a response to the alternating magnetic field, which also leads to heat generation.

These losses are significant because they contribute to the overall efficiency of the transformer, as energy that could be used for transferring electrical power is instead transformed into heat. Understanding core loss is crucial when designing transformers to minimize these inefficiencies and improve performance.